Sand casting is a versatile and widely used metal casting process that involves shaping molten metal using sand molds.
Sand casting is a metal forming technique where molten metal is poured into a mold made of sand. Once the metal solidifies, the sand mold is broken away to reveal the final cast part. It’s one of the oldest and most adaptable casting methods, dating back to around 1000 BCE.
A replica of the final product is made, usually from wood, plastic, or metal.
The pattern is placed in sand to form a cavity. The sand is packed tightly around the pattern.
Cores are added to create internal cavities.
Molten metal is poured into the mold cavity.
The metal solidifies as it cools.
The sand mold is broken to remove the casting.
The casting is cleaned, and any excess material is removed.
Low cost for small to medium production runs
Flexibility in size and complexity of parts
Wide material compatibility (iron, aluminum, bronze, etc.)
Recyclable sand reduces waste
Lower dimensional accuracy compared to other methods
Surface finish may require post-processing
Not ideal for very thin or intricate parts
Automotive: Engine blocks, cylinder heads
Aerospace: Structural components
Industrial machinery: Pumps, valves, gears
Art and sculpture: Decorative metalwork
nergy: Turbine housings and components